Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease caused by the overreaction of the tracheobroncheal tree in the lungs to certain irritants or allergens. It is characterized by persistent breathing disorders.

The bronchial airways narrow under the condition of bronchial asthma, resulting in a shortness of breath. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, feeling suffocation or tightening of the chest. Under extreme severity, it results in an asthma attack, or asthma episodes.

There are two types of asthma, extrinsic atopic (allergic) asthma, and intrinsic nonatopic (nonreaginic) asthma. Atopic asthma is a common type of asthma that is usually prevalent in children, and is caused by environmental allergenic, such as pollen, animal hair or fur, dust, dust mites or food. Family history of atopic asthma often plays a role in triggering the asthma in successors. Nonatopic asthma is triggered by respiratory infections, drugs or chemical irritants, and is mainly found in adults.

Diagnosis of bronchial asthma may include taking tests including spirometry, to measure the breathing capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), to measure the force of ear that is breathed out and chest X-ray. Asthma pills or inhalers are usually prescribed as medications to treat asthma and asthma attacks.

Although bronchial asthma is an incurable disease, following proper medications can allow an asthmatic patient to lead a normal and healthy life.